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00:00:14,474 --> 00:00:16,305
Taissia Zakharovna Shcherbak,
2
00:00:17,944 --> 00:00:19,741
daughter of a Kuban peasant.
3
00:00:20,380 --> 00:00:23,247
A photo made in 1912.
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00:00:28,288 --> 00:00:30,085
Isaac Semenovich Solzhenitsyn,
5
00:00:30,924 --> 00:00:32,323
from a peasant family.
6
00:00:33,093 --> 00:00:34,253
Stavropol region.
7
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He volunteers
in World War I.
8
00:00:41,935 --> 00:00:43,698
Is decorated for bravery.
9
00:00:46,973 --> 00:00:48,235
This handsome couple,
10
00:00:49,409 --> 00:00:50,842
Isaac and Taissia -
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00:00:51,878 --> 00:00:55,370
marry in 1917.
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00:00:57,884 --> 00:00:59,749
Soon Isaac dies.
13
00:01:02,756 --> 00:01:04,246
Sasha, their son.
14
00:01:04,891 --> 00:01:06,085
Sasha Solzhenitsyn
15
00:01:07,160 --> 00:01:08,092
is born
16
00:01:08,862 --> 00:01:13,697
on 11 December, 1918.
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00:01:15,135 --> 00:01:16,796
In winter,
a harsh season.
18
00:01:19,406 --> 00:01:27,370
THE KNOT
19
00:01:28,715 --> 00:01:30,046
Only a few years ago
20
00:01:30,884 --> 00:01:33,717
Sasha used to go to church
with his mother.
21
00:01:34,421 --> 00:01:35,820
Now the churches
are gone,
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00:01:36,156 --> 00:01:37,680
he's a Komsomol
member,
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00:01:38,058 --> 00:01:40,458
he and his mother live
in Rostov...
24
00:01:41,795 --> 00:01:42,921
At school,
he heads his class.
25
00:01:43,463 --> 00:01:45,761
He likes football
and amateur theatre.
26
00:01:46,967 --> 00:01:48,867
He has good friends,
27
00:01:49,903 --> 00:01:53,134
though later many of them
will be forced to betray him.
28
00:01:53,773 --> 00:01:55,331
But this has yet to come.
29
00:01:57,143 --> 00:02:01,409
Sasha Solzhenitsyn
is enthusiastic about Socialism.
30
00:02:02,215 --> 00:02:06,777
He believes Marxism, Leninism
to be the people's fate.
31
00:02:10,724 --> 00:02:12,988
At a very early age,
in his school years,
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00:02:13,493 --> 00:02:15,461
he becomes aware
33
00:02:24,304 --> 00:02:25,896
It was his first marriage.
34
00:02:26,740 --> 00:02:28,435
Not, perhaps,
a very happy one.
35
00:02:29,409 --> 00:02:32,742
In 1941, with a degree
in Physics and Mathematics
36
00:02:33,013 --> 00:02:34,207
from Rostov University,
37
00:02:34,881 --> 00:02:36,746
he leaves for the front.
38
00:02:38,285 --> 00:02:39,252
An open face.
39
00:02:40,320 --> 00:02:43,118
A Russian, a peasant type,
on the whole.
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00:02:44,157 --> 00:02:45,784
There are thousands
such faces.
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00:02:46,726 --> 00:02:47,818
But no longer millions.
42
00:02:49,095 --> 00:02:53,088
It seems he wrote his first
stories at the front in 1942.
43
00:02:54,167 --> 00:02:55,134
An artilleryman.
44
00:02:55,769 --> 00:02:56,292
No coward,
45
00:02:56,770 --> 00:02:58,931
he could have been killed
many times.
46
00:02:59,773 --> 00:03:02,367
His wit and honesty
saved his soldiers' lives,
47
00:03:02,943 --> 00:03:04,808
by the end of war
he was a captain,
48
00:03:05,445 --> 00:03:06,673
with several awards.
49
00:03:07,180 --> 00:03:10,843
He was 27,
alive to all he had to face.
50
00:03:11,284 --> 00:03:15,812
In 1945 he was arrested
right at the command post.
51
00:03:16,156 --> 00:03:19,819
They'd had enough reading
his frank letters to a schoolmate.
52
00:03:20,894 --> 00:03:23,863
From 1945 on, and
for more than fifty years
53
00:03:24,164 --> 00:03:28,066
this man would not have
a single hour of quiet life:
54
00:03:28,735 --> 00:03:31,169
The obtuse regime,
his fatal disease,
55
00:03:31,504 --> 00:03:33,267
the silence of millions
of witnesses,
56
00:03:33,473 --> 00:03:36,772
the envy of the guild,
his exile, his perseverance.
57
00:03:39,879 --> 00:03:42,780
A photo for the outer world,
in a suit...
58
00:03:44,384 --> 00:03:45,817
...lent by the prison.
59
00:03:49,889 --> 00:03:50,913
In 1953
60
00:03:51,491 --> 00:03:54,289
he was assigned
to "eternal residence"
61
00:03:54,761 --> 00:03:56,126
in a remote Kazakh village.
62
00:03:56,763 --> 00:04:00,062
Just think over these words:
"For eternal residence".
63
00:04:01,801 --> 00:04:04,269
He lived here,
at the edge of the desert,
64
00:04:05,005 --> 00:04:06,199
taught at school,
65
00:04:06,740 --> 00:04:09,231
fell ill, secretly continued
to write.
66
00:04:10,744 --> 00:04:12,405
His courage was so great,
67
00:04:13,146 --> 00:04:15,842
his concern for the life
so unselfish,
68
00:04:16,282 --> 00:04:18,341
that in a cancer hospital
69
00:04:18,718 --> 00:04:20,049
he studied oncology,
70
00:04:20,320 --> 00:04:21,685
read very, very much,
71
00:04:22,122 --> 00:04:24,852
and he wrote, wrote, wrote
every day...
72
00:04:25,859 --> 00:04:29,317
It seems as if God looked
after him during all these months
73
00:04:29,863 --> 00:04:31,023
and loving him,
74
00:04:31,765 --> 00:04:35,132
He made him continue
to bear the heaviest burden,
75
00:04:35,769 --> 00:04:37,964
He saved Alexander from death.
76
00:04:40,407 --> 00:04:44,707
Solzhenitsyn would say he was
alive as long as he kept writing.
77
00:04:52,252 --> 00:04:53,276
Natalia Svetlova.
78
00:04:54,854 --> 00:04:56,378
Natalia Dmitrievna Svetlova.
79
00:04:59,059 --> 00:05:02,426
In 1970 she becomes his wife.
80
00:05:05,732 --> 00:05:06,892
She took this photo.
81
00:05:08,401 --> 00:05:09,299
His eyes.
82
00:05:10,804 --> 00:05:11,202
His face.
83
00:05:14,207 --> 00:05:17,199
The small photo is taken by him.
84
00:05:18,044 --> 00:05:20,376
Her face. Her eyes.
85
00:05:21,181 --> 00:05:24,378
Their family would prove
to be uncommonly close.
86
00:05:25,985 --> 00:05:30,718
From 1970 to 1973
three sons were born to them:
87
00:05:31,224 --> 00:05:33,249
Yermolay, Ignat, Stepan.
88
00:05:34,294 --> 00:05:36,854
The photo taken in America,
in Vermont,
89
00:05:37,130 --> 00:05:39,724
after his expulsion
from the USSR.
90
00:05:40,934 --> 00:05:43,198
This provincial American town
91
00:05:43,970 --> 00:05:47,030
gave the Russian family refuge
for 18 years.
92
00:05:48,141 --> 00:05:50,166
Yermolay, Ignat, Stepan
93
00:05:50,810 --> 00:05:52,402
went to an American school,
94
00:05:53,213 --> 00:05:54,009
but every day
95
00:05:54,714 --> 00:05:56,739
their parents
taught them at home:
96
00:05:57,851 --> 00:06:00,285
Physics, mathematics
and Russian.
97
00:06:02,755 --> 00:06:06,748
The adults decided
the boys should be Russian.
98
00:06:09,729 --> 00:06:11,856
They grew up with love
and discipline,
99
00:06:13,366 --> 00:06:16,699
and soon they were
already at their typewriters,
100
00:06:17,237 --> 00:06:19,102
typing their father's works.
101
00:06:19,906 --> 00:06:21,305
One more Vermont photo.
102
00:06:21,975 --> 00:06:22,907
Center, Mitya,
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00:06:23,743 --> 00:06:25,938
Natalia's son
by her first marriage.
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00:06:28,314 --> 00:06:30,874
Mitya suddenly died
from heart failure.
105
00:06:33,119 --> 00:06:36,384
A young man, kind,
loved by everybody.
106
00:06:47,834 --> 00:06:48,766
Yermolay's a Sinologist,
107
00:06:49,369 --> 00:06:50,859
Ignat a pianist,
108
00:06:51,337 --> 00:06:53,066
Stepan an architect.
109
00:06:54,274 --> 00:06:57,437
Many parents,
seeing this photo,
110
00:06:57,844 --> 00:07:00,972
will feel heart-ache
thinking of the unfortunate fate
111
00:07:01,781 --> 00:07:02,679
of their own children.
112
00:07:04,184 --> 00:07:07,176
But not many are able
to make a difficult decision
113
00:07:07,921 --> 00:07:12,824
and to stick to it, so as to secure
a decent future for themselves
114
00:07:13,293 --> 00:07:16,854
and their children.
115
00:07:18,064 --> 00:07:20,191
Solzhenitsyn seeks harmony,
116
00:07:20,833 --> 00:07:24,200
but harmony is achieved
only through self-sacrifice.
117
00:07:25,738 --> 00:07:27,171
According to him,
the family
118
00:07:27,774 --> 00:07:30,766
is the most important part
of this harmony.
119
00:07:31,878 --> 00:07:36,076
And there is also work,
and there is his homeland.
120
00:07:37,016 --> 00:07:40,816
His return was
absolutely inevitable,
121
00:07:43,122 --> 00:07:45,454
not because someone
awaited him,
122
00:07:46,726 --> 00:07:48,819
but because he was confident
123
00:07:49,762 --> 00:07:52,731
that he would return to Russia
before he died.
124
00:07:55,902 --> 00:08:00,737
By 1994 he at last accomplished
the dream of his youth:
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00:08:01,874 --> 00:08:04,104
A book about
the Russian revolution.
126
00:08:04,744 --> 00:08:05,836
And what a book!
127
00:08:06,779 --> 00:08:09,247
Ten volumes of the "Red Wheel".
128
00:08:09,882 --> 00:08:14,683
The reality of the revolution,
extracted from non-existence.
129
00:08:16,122 --> 00:08:17,680
A book for the future.
130
00:08:21,794 --> 00:08:23,728
Like many of his other works,
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00:08:24,764 --> 00:08:27,733
this book has not been read
by his compatriots.
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00:08:29,102 --> 00:08:30,160
It went unnoticed.
133
00:08:31,838 --> 00:08:34,170
Who knows -
perhaps they are afraid
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00:08:34,774 --> 00:08:37,436
to look into their dreary future.
135
00:08:39,178 --> 00:08:40,008
Had they read it,
136
00:08:40,813 --> 00:08:44,078
they might have
avoided such a dreary future.
137
00:08:48,354 --> 00:08:50,185
The Solzhenitsyns
took their things,
138
00:08:51,090 --> 00:08:53,320
packed their enormous library,
139
00:08:54,060 --> 00:08:55,687
their huge archives
140
00:08:56,763 --> 00:08:58,924
and, in the summer of 1994,
141
00:09:00,266 --> 00:09:01,733
left for Russia.
142
00:09:06,239 --> 00:09:08,002
I don't know about you,
143
00:09:09,776 --> 00:09:11,209
but I felt guilty.
144
00:09:12,845 --> 00:09:17,145
I felt guilty that we had
nothing to receive him with,
145
00:09:17,817 --> 00:09:20,183
that we had nothing
to give him.
146
00:09:20,853 --> 00:09:22,878
- He didn't come
for an award.
147
00:09:23,056 --> 00:09:25,251
- He must get something
from society.
148
00:09:25,491 --> 00:09:26,389
- But he does.
149
00:09:26,826 --> 00:09:29,727
Not from the society,
but from life.
150
00:09:30,163 --> 00:09:32,757
It's much more important
to give...
151
00:09:33,766 --> 00:09:39,102
...than to receive.
It makes you much happier.
152
00:09:40,039 --> 00:09:43,770
You reward yourself by giving.
- But he is an artist.
153
00:09:43,976 --> 00:09:47,207
He must receive first.
- He must give.
154
00:09:47,413 --> 00:09:50,382
- He will give anyhow.
He can't do otherwise.
155
00:09:51,117 --> 00:09:53,820
Strange as it seems,
he should receive
156
00:09:53,820 --> 00:09:55,720
a lot more
than he what gives.
157
00:09:56,255 --> 00:09:58,723
- He does.
158
00:10:01,728 --> 00:10:04,822
He gets wonderful letters.
159
00:10:06,099 --> 00:10:09,159
He knows there are many people who
160
00:10:10,737 --> 00:10:14,400
are grateful and who
bow low to him. He knows that.
161
00:10:16,843 --> 00:10:21,371
He doesn't live and work for
rewards, he can't do otherwise.
162
00:10:21,781 --> 00:10:24,147
Anyway, we are happy at home.
163
00:10:28,154 --> 00:10:29,712
- Then may God help you.
164
00:10:30,423 --> 00:10:31,390
- Thank you.
165
00:10:42,835 --> 00:10:44,063
We do feel this help.
166
00:10:49,008 --> 00:10:50,771
- We can't help much.
167
00:10:51,277 --> 00:10:51,902
- You can.
168
00:10:53,346 --> 00:10:55,007
- We helped so little.
169
00:10:55,248 --> 00:10:57,773
In tough times we didn't help.
170
00:10:58,985 --> 00:10:59,974
- We're strong.
171
00:11:00,253 --> 00:11:01,777
- Yes, you are.
172
00:11:03,156 --> 00:11:07,752
But those who saw everything
and did nothing to help,
173
00:11:07,927 --> 00:11:10,760
or the little they could,
what should they do now?
174
00:11:13,766 --> 00:11:17,065
- Many people were trying
to help us, many did help.
175
00:11:17,837 --> 00:11:22,968
Many of them are like
brothers to us, up to now.
176
00:11:23,843 --> 00:11:25,640
They aren't all here,
177
00:11:26,846 --> 00:11:29,781
some are abroad, the people
who saved the archives.
178
00:11:30,082 --> 00:11:31,379
They're our brothers.
179
00:11:33,019 --> 00:11:37,854
In no way do we feel
lonely or offended.
180
00:11:37,957 --> 00:11:39,686
He feels no bitterness.
181
00:11:39,759 --> 00:11:43,695
- I see. He may have no feeling
of bitterness, but we have.
182
00:11:44,363 --> 00:11:44,886
- I have?
183
00:11:45,465 --> 00:11:48,798
- No, neither of you,
but we have.
184
00:11:49,502 --> 00:11:53,802
I remember very well the general
silence when he was banished.
185
00:11:56,209 --> 00:11:58,177
- This is what
they can't forgive.
186
00:11:59,178 --> 00:12:03,842
There are people who know well
that they were silent,
187
00:12:04,784 --> 00:12:09,812
but they respect and love him
for he spoke for them.
188
00:12:10,823 --> 00:12:13,383
But his fellow writers,
the majority of them,
189
00:12:13,860 --> 00:12:15,885
can't forgive just that.
190
00:12:16,128 --> 00:12:20,064
His words made their silence
audible.
191
00:12:24,937 --> 00:12:29,840
Never mind it all.
One can't go beyond one's self.
192
00:12:32,445 --> 00:12:33,844
No doubt.
193
00:12:41,921 --> 00:12:44,082
Since 1917 and until now
194
00:12:44,724 --> 00:12:46,817
people seem to be convulsed.
195
00:12:49,762 --> 00:12:51,957
I'm looking at Natalia,
and listening,
196
00:12:52,265 --> 00:12:55,962
if a floor board will not creak.
It is his study above.
197
00:12:57,370 --> 00:12:58,997
We'll soon go for a walk.
198
00:13:04,043 --> 00:13:05,442
The forest
is all around.
199
00:13:07,146 --> 00:13:08,010
A quiet day.
200
00:13:10,783 --> 00:13:11,943
The summer is over.
201
00:13:29,902 --> 00:13:31,164
How strange.
202
00:13:35,741 --> 00:13:37,174
The intelligentsia,
203
00:13:38,411 --> 00:13:40,845
all the time pondering
over the questions:
204
00:13:41,047 --> 00:13:42,344
"Why?",
"What to do?"
205
00:13:43,816 --> 00:13:48,378
Do not notice the very existence
of their great compatriot
206
00:13:48,821 --> 00:13:50,413
who has already given
207
00:13:50,856 --> 00:13:52,414
his answers
to many questions.
208
00:13:55,261 --> 00:13:56,751
He's been thinking
209
00:13:57,196 --> 00:14:00,097
a lot for a long time
about our life,
210
00:14:01,901 --> 00:14:04,131
he's asked for advice,
211
00:14:05,838 --> 00:14:10,104
he asked many people,
some of whom went very long ago.
212
00:14:25,891 --> 00:14:26,823
I recall:
213
00:14:28,728 --> 00:14:31,754
It probably was Akhmatova
who said about him:
214
00:14:33,132 --> 00:14:38,729
"A torchbearer. Fresh, energetic,
young, happy.
215
00:14:38,938 --> 00:14:41,202
We forget that
such people still exist.
216
00:14:41,741 --> 00:14:44,801
Eyes like jewels. Strict.
217
00:14:45,344 --> 00:14:47,039
Hears himself speak."
218
00:14:50,049 --> 00:14:52,176
Young, happy...
219
00:15:13,739 --> 00:15:17,140
This "young and happy" man
220
00:15:17,743 --> 00:15:20,974
was awarded the Nobel prize
in 1970.
221
00:15:24,016 --> 00:15:25,142
That's it.
222
00:15:25,885 --> 00:15:29,912
He became untouchable,
no matter what they say.
223
00:15:32,124 --> 00:15:33,284
Thank God for that.
224
00:15:35,961 --> 00:15:37,861
Leave him in peace.
225
00:15:39,999 --> 00:15:41,159
Let him write.
226
00:15:48,874 --> 00:15:52,310
In his Nobel lecture he asked:
227
00:15:54,780 --> 00:15:56,873
"What can literature
228
00:15:57,783 --> 00:16:00,718
do against the onslaught
of overt violence?
229
00:16:02,421 --> 00:16:04,821
Remember:
Violence doesn't live alone,
230
00:16:05,224 --> 00:16:06,714
and can't live alone.
231
00:16:08,761 --> 00:16:11,161
It is inevitably interlaced
with lies.
232
00:16:14,200 --> 00:16:16,862
Violence has nothing
but lies to hide it,
233
00:16:17,803 --> 00:16:21,136
and lies have nothing
but violence to keep them up.
234
00:16:23,843 --> 00:16:27,176
Anybody who has ever proclaimed
violence to be his method
235
00:16:28,280 --> 00:16:31,772
must inexorably make lying
his principle.
236
00:16:33,853 --> 00:16:37,846
And the only thing for any
ordinary courageous man to do
237
00:16:39,158 --> 00:16:40,921
is to abstain from lies.
238
00:16:42,995 --> 00:16:44,826
May them - lies and violence -
239
00:16:45,898 --> 00:16:49,800
reign in the world,
but not through myself.
240
00:16:54,740 --> 00:16:57,800
Lies can withstand
many things in the world,
241
00:16:58,277 --> 00:17:00,370
but not art.
242
00:17:03,082 --> 00:17:04,674
When lies disappear,
243
00:17:05,718 --> 00:17:08,084
bare violence will show
its ugliness."
244
00:17:22,368 --> 00:17:25,201
How long winter is...
245
00:17:27,740 --> 00:17:30,004
It predisposes
to sleepy contemplation.
246
00:17:30,242 --> 00:17:34,804
One, two, three,
four months a year...
247
00:17:37,883 --> 00:17:40,249
Centuries after centuries -
248
00:17:40,486 --> 00:17:43,717
winter... winter...
sleep... sleep.
249
00:17:47,293 --> 00:17:47,850
No.
250
00:17:50,729 --> 00:17:53,857
After all, one has at least
to begin reading...
251
00:18:00,372 --> 00:18:01,964
...Stepan Aleksandrovich,
252
00:18:02,875 --> 00:18:05,901
Yermolay Aleksandrovich,
Ignati Aleksandrovich -
253
00:18:06,812 --> 00:18:08,780
they are his true happiness,
254
00:18:09,114 --> 00:18:11,173
his personal happiness.
255
00:18:14,887 --> 00:18:16,115
I hear his steps.
256
00:18:17,323 --> 00:18:19,086
He's walked out of his study,
257
00:18:22,795 --> 00:18:24,057
he's coming
to see me.
258
00:18:24,730 --> 00:18:27,722
- There are mushrooms there.
259
00:18:27,833 --> 00:18:28,857
- Yes, mushrooms.
260
00:18:31,937 --> 00:18:32,961
- Toadstools?
261
00:18:34,240 --> 00:18:36,765
- You know,
I'm not a great expert,
262
00:18:37,443 --> 00:18:38,740
I'm a Southerner.
263
00:18:40,779 --> 00:18:43,873
All my youth there,
I didn't see a single mushroom.
264
00:18:46,886 --> 00:18:47,978
So I'm no expert.
265
00:18:49,154 --> 00:18:51,987
- Then you must be especially fond
of green.
266
00:18:53,025 --> 00:18:57,826
- When I returned
to the Moscow region
267
00:18:58,931 --> 00:19:00,728
from my Kazakhstan exile...
268
00:19:01,967 --> 00:19:03,298
In Kazakhstan...
269
00:19:05,905 --> 00:19:10,239
we always had sun, there was
continual exhausting heat.
270
00:19:10,776 --> 00:19:11,140
- Dryness.
271
00:19:12,444 --> 00:19:15,936
- And when I came to a forest,
after the rain,
272
00:19:16,849 --> 00:19:18,339
I was stupefied...
273
00:19:20,853 --> 00:19:23,413
unable to recover my senses,
to render such beauty.
274
00:19:25,291 --> 00:19:28,749
After a real desert without
anything but camel thorns.
275
00:19:30,296 --> 00:19:30,728
Nothing else.
276
00:19:32,965 --> 00:19:36,765
A cloudy day is such a pleasure,
and such a delight.
277
00:19:44,076 --> 00:19:49,241
I can't live without
direct contact with the earth,
278
00:19:50,215 --> 00:19:52,274
I can't stand
many-storied buildings.
279
00:19:53,185 --> 00:19:58,384
I feel as if
I were in a prison there.
280
00:20:04,863 --> 00:20:07,798
I specially noticed that Abakumov
hated green.
281
00:20:08,434 --> 00:20:09,958
I wonder why?
282
00:20:12,237 --> 00:20:12,931
- Yes, why?
283
00:20:13,505 --> 00:20:16,099
Because he was
an anti-natural man.
284
00:20:17,276 --> 00:20:18,402
- Anti-natural?
285
00:20:19,979 --> 00:20:21,844
- We can walk side by side here.
286
00:20:23,115 --> 00:20:26,778
- Anti-natural...
What does that mean?
287
00:20:26,852 --> 00:20:27,841
- Anti-natural...
288
00:20:29,221 --> 00:20:32,713
Well, it means he
who is against nature.
289
00:20:33,826 --> 00:20:35,123
A cruel scoundrel.
290
00:20:36,862 --> 00:20:39,057
He was not the only one.
291
00:20:39,898 --> 00:20:42,059
- People become so
or are born so?
292
00:20:43,402 --> 00:20:44,926
- Both.
293
00:20:46,505 --> 00:20:47,267
We have...
294
00:20:48,741 --> 00:20:50,936
A tremendous importance...
295
00:20:51,944 --> 00:20:55,243
...must be given to our natural
qualities. Tremendous.
296
00:20:56,048 --> 00:20:58,744
But the way they will develop...
297
00:20:59,084 --> 00:21:02,781
depends on us.
And on circumstances.
298
00:21:03,722 --> 00:21:07,681
- Are there circumstances,
which man doesn't control?
299
00:21:09,128 --> 00:21:12,029
- I think in any case
a lot depends on man.
300
00:21:12,898 --> 00:21:14,160
Not everything,
but a lot.
301
00:21:14,833 --> 00:21:17,097
- Does man realise
that he is a scoundrel?
302
00:21:18,737 --> 00:21:19,795
- No, he doesn't.
303
00:21:20,806 --> 00:21:21,740
- Never?
304
00:21:21,740 --> 00:21:23,139
- No, one can't say so.
305
00:21:23,842 --> 00:21:28,939
The greatest Shakespearean
villains do realize it,
306
00:21:29,882 --> 00:21:33,374
but they always find something
to justify themselves.
307
00:21:34,253 --> 00:21:36,721
Here is a bench,
we can sit down.
308
00:21:37,823 --> 00:21:38,414
- It's wet?
309
00:21:39,725 --> 00:21:42,057
- There'll be two more
benches on the way.
310
00:21:42,795 --> 00:21:44,092
- We can sit here.
311
00:21:45,497 --> 00:21:46,361
- Oh, how good!
312
00:21:55,808 --> 00:21:56,206
- We...
313
00:22:04,283 --> 00:22:08,777
We are highly responsible
for the development
314
00:22:09,321 --> 00:22:11,812
of the innate qualities
nature bestows us.
315
00:22:12,858 --> 00:22:13,847
Yes, highly.
316
00:22:14,860 --> 00:22:19,092
The rationalist belief that only
conditions are to blame,
317
00:22:19,865 --> 00:22:22,732
was something
Dostoevsky laughed at.
318
00:22:24,770 --> 00:22:27,398
There is no justification.
319
00:22:28,774 --> 00:22:29,763
I saw it,
320
00:22:31,076 --> 00:22:32,805
I've been through war,
321
00:22:33,779 --> 00:22:34,837
prison,
322
00:22:36,014 --> 00:22:39,177
cancer hospital,
323
00:22:40,986 --> 00:22:44,444
everywhere conditions
were hard, cruel, incredible.
324
00:22:45,858 --> 00:22:47,849
Yet people behaved differently,
325
00:22:48,494 --> 00:22:50,291
fought in different ways.
326
00:22:53,198 --> 00:22:59,159
- I accept that if a man is cruel,
but has by his side somebody
327
00:23:00,806 --> 00:23:04,435
who is kind, who doesn't
allow him to cultivate cruelty,
328
00:23:05,844 --> 00:23:09,177
then it doesn't develop.
329
00:23:10,282 --> 00:23:13,183
- It's good if there is
a man like that at hand,
330
00:23:14,186 --> 00:23:17,713
but saying there was
no such person at hand
331
00:23:18,724 --> 00:23:20,282
is no sort of justification.
332
00:23:20,492 --> 00:23:23,461
The absence of someone
who could pull me up,
333
00:23:24,163 --> 00:23:25,425
who could help me,
334
00:23:26,198 --> 00:23:27,756
cannot justify my acts.
335
00:23:29,001 --> 00:23:30,366
A man must understand
336
00:23:32,804 --> 00:23:36,763
his own ways by himself,
337
00:23:38,810 --> 00:23:42,871
and he himself must come to
understand his natural capacities.
338
00:23:43,882 --> 00:23:45,349
And then, you see...
339
00:23:48,153 --> 00:23:50,678
It isn't easy at all
for a man
340
00:23:53,091 --> 00:23:54,388
to understand himself.
341
00:23:56,395 --> 00:23:57,692
I must say,
342
00:23:58,263 --> 00:24:00,731
that I look at it
with surprise now,
343
00:24:00,966 --> 00:24:03,264
as I have been granted
longevity.
344
00:24:03,969 --> 00:24:07,268
From 80 years on
one may call it longevity.
345
00:24:07,873 --> 00:24:11,001
In our unfortunate Russia
even 70 is longevity.
346
00:24:11,243 --> 00:24:11,971
It's wrong.
347
00:24:13,245 --> 00:24:17,739
In longevity one finds new
348
00:24:20,118 --> 00:24:21,813
possibilities and capacities
349
00:24:23,822 --> 00:24:25,255
that I can speak about.
350
00:24:25,724 --> 00:24:26,918
One of them is...
351
00:24:28,460 --> 00:24:29,119
that...
352
00:24:31,263 --> 00:24:33,823
recalling one's whole life
again and again,
353
00:24:35,300 --> 00:24:38,997
one discovers things one
had never been able to discern
354
00:24:39,238 --> 00:24:42,833
while life still ran on.
355
00:24:48,714 --> 00:24:49,009
We...
356
00:24:51,783 --> 00:24:57,722
We spend the greater part
of our life in action.
357
00:24:58,290 --> 00:25:02,727
And action prevents us
from a quiet understanding
358
00:25:03,161 --> 00:25:05,288
of any nuances in life.
359
00:25:09,935 --> 00:25:13,769
Old age gives...
360
00:25:15,741 --> 00:25:18,301
some extra space
for the soul
361
00:25:19,011 --> 00:25:20,444
to grasp it all.
362
00:25:20,812 --> 00:25:25,772
This is why we don't
always have the right
363
00:25:27,119 --> 00:25:29,815
to bear judgement
on other's acts.
364
00:25:30,455 --> 00:25:32,923
Just because we
underestimate men
365
00:25:33,125 --> 00:25:35,320
who did not understand
their own acts,
366
00:25:36,194 --> 00:25:39,891
as they had neither the time,
nor the circumstances
367
00:25:41,333 --> 00:25:42,163
to do so.
368
00:25:42,367 --> 00:25:45,097
- Even if their acts
were extremely cruel?
369
00:25:45,304 --> 00:25:46,771
Again this word.
370
00:25:46,838 --> 00:25:49,830
- Yes, I see you emphasize
this very much.
371
00:25:49,908 --> 00:25:52,138
- I'd like to understand,
372
00:25:52,844 --> 00:25:55,813
why the cruelty of man
373
00:25:55,881 --> 00:25:58,850
is something I worry
so much about.
374
00:26:00,185 --> 00:26:02,210
When it must be
so enjoyable,
375
00:26:04,890 --> 00:26:10,021
so gratifying to commit acts
of kindness, to compromise,
376
00:26:10,796 --> 00:26:12,263
to listen to people,
to help.
377
00:26:12,764 --> 00:26:15,756
- Not only this. It is human
to make a career,
378
00:26:15,834 --> 00:26:17,859
it is human to look
for success,
379
00:26:18,337 --> 00:26:20,999
to show one's worth,
to become distinguished,
380
00:26:21,773 --> 00:26:25,834
to satisfy one's aspirations,
to satisfy love, -
381
00:26:26,244 --> 00:26:29,145
dozens of ways,
all this is not yet cruelty.
382
00:26:29,881 --> 00:26:31,678
Don't consider it as cruelty.
383
00:26:32,250 --> 00:26:34,218
It will give you,
how to say,
384
00:26:35,053 --> 00:26:36,213
a flat picture.
385
00:26:36,955 --> 00:26:41,016
Cruelty and kindness are
the two poles, the extremes,
386
00:26:41,460 --> 00:26:44,725
but the whole spectrum
should not be reduced to this.
387
00:26:48,767 --> 00:26:50,166
- Let's go.
- As you wish.
388
00:26:51,903 --> 00:26:54,804
- To the next bench?
- To the next? All right.
389
00:27:18,730 --> 00:27:20,254
The weather is fine, fine.
390
00:27:20,999 --> 00:27:22,466
We're going
to the place,
391
00:27:33,145 --> 00:27:36,444
And here it happened.
I've written a miniature about it.
392
00:27:37,115 --> 00:27:38,810
I'll show you the place.
393
00:27:39,117 --> 00:27:43,417
It's such a pity our friend...
394
00:27:44,356 --> 00:27:48,292
...ordered the remains
sawn off and destroyed.
395
00:27:48,894 --> 00:27:52,694
It was really
incredibly beautiful!
396
00:27:56,134 --> 00:27:59,331
There are two things
of truly perfect beauty,
397
00:28:00,172 --> 00:28:02,697
the Universe and Man.
398
00:28:04,409 --> 00:28:05,307
- He's beautiful?
399
00:28:05,877 --> 00:28:08,368
- Not beautiful, perfect.
400
00:28:09,314 --> 00:28:13,842
He is such a perfect creature,
401
00:28:14,319 --> 00:28:18,016
possessed with so many
vital resources,
402
00:28:19,124 --> 00:28:21,718
so as to overcome
all illness and danger.
403
00:28:22,461 --> 00:28:25,328
It's hard even for an atheist,
404
00:28:25,864 --> 00:28:29,197
who never thinks who he is,
to imagine.
405
00:28:29,801 --> 00:28:31,701
One need not search too far,
406
00:28:31,803 --> 00:28:35,034
it suffices to read about
any function of the body,
407
00:28:35,574 --> 00:28:37,542
how it works.
408
00:28:39,010 --> 00:28:39,942
It's amazing.
409
00:28:40,745 --> 00:28:45,273
Do we live only
from eating and drinking,
410
00:28:45,784 --> 00:28:48,412
and is that the way we
increase our energy? No.
411
00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:51,382
- Then why do we kill
each other so much?
412
00:28:51,857 --> 00:28:52,846
So willingly?
413
00:28:53,058 --> 00:28:58,462
Why do men live
in eternal combat?
414
00:28:59,397 --> 00:29:04,960
- If there were billions
of similar creatures,
415
00:29:05,437 --> 00:29:07,098
they'd be sure
to compete,
416
00:29:07,839 --> 00:29:08,806
just as much.
417
00:29:10,141 --> 00:29:12,132
This is the way of nature.
418
00:29:12,878 --> 00:29:18,839
Even trees strangle other trees
when they grow up.
419
00:29:21,853 --> 00:29:27,382
Would you ask them to strive
for universal peace?
420
00:29:27,859 --> 00:29:32,023
Here we are.
Here was a huge lime.
421
00:29:32,797 --> 00:29:34,025
You see, it's sawn off.
422
00:29:36,167 --> 00:29:37,293
A huge lime.
423
00:29:41,806 --> 00:29:44,832
And the lightning struck it,
424
00:29:46,845 --> 00:29:49,006
and split it in two.
425
00:29:50,815 --> 00:29:53,340
One piece of it fell
on those trees,
426
00:29:55,754 --> 00:29:58,450
the other hung here.
427
00:29:58,723 --> 00:30:01,920
For a day the split part
stood there.
428
00:30:03,161 --> 00:30:04,856
Then it fell
on those trees.
429
00:30:05,764 --> 00:30:07,857
They remained like that
for 2 years.
430
00:30:08,433 --> 00:30:11,698
They were sawn off
just two months ago.
431
00:30:13,805 --> 00:30:17,935
There were pieces of burnt bark
scattered about here.
432
00:30:20,412 --> 00:30:23,779
The lightning passed through
and went into the earth.
433
00:30:26,851 --> 00:30:28,716
- How old was this tree?
434
00:30:30,722 --> 00:30:35,819
- I can't say for sure.
One has to count and count.
435
00:30:36,094 --> 00:30:36,890
- The rings.
436
00:30:38,897 --> 00:30:41,161
Is it true that each ring
is a year?
437
00:30:41,800 --> 00:30:44,360
- Yes, but you must know
how to count them.
438
00:30:45,503 --> 00:30:49,303
You must know what is a ring,
and what isn't.
439
00:30:49,774 --> 00:30:50,763
I wouldn't try.
440
00:30:51,443 --> 00:30:53,968
Sure, we have trees here
that were
441
00:30:55,080 --> 00:30:58,413
already there
before the revolution.
442
00:30:58,817 --> 00:31:00,885
- How old is this tree?
443
00:31:00,885 --> 00:31:03,080
- Who knows...
- 100 years, more?
444
00:31:03,455 --> 00:31:06,788
- I think less, but who knows.
445
00:31:08,793 --> 00:31:12,456
We have such old pines here.
446
00:31:17,335 --> 00:31:20,133
And in Vermont
we had very thick trees.
447
00:31:20,772 --> 00:31:23,138
Maybe from before
the foundation of the USA.
448
00:31:24,409 --> 00:31:25,842
There's another bench.
449
00:31:26,778 --> 00:31:28,769
Let's sit down
to look at the park.
450
00:31:29,447 --> 00:31:30,744
What I like here...
451
00:31:31,883 --> 00:31:36,786
...though it's not a real village,
452
00:31:39,057 --> 00:31:41,958
but still...
- Over there?
453
00:31:42,193 --> 00:31:47,028
- Yes, they have small plots
of land, and cocks.
454
00:31:47,766 --> 00:31:50,735
It's nice that we can hear them
crowing here.
455
00:31:51,136 --> 00:31:54,367
I'm so fond of crowing!
One of the loveliest sounds.
456
00:31:55,140 --> 00:31:57,768
It is so multi-toned, vibrating,
457
00:31:58,810 --> 00:32:00,437
with a complex spectrum,
458
00:32:00,945 --> 00:32:03,277
and there's such...
459
00:32:04,783 --> 00:32:05,977
vitality,
460
00:32:07,218 --> 00:32:08,242
such love of life!
461
00:32:09,287 --> 00:32:10,777
Especially
in the day-time,
462
00:32:13,091 --> 00:32:14,718
I mean the midday crowing.
463
00:32:16,895 --> 00:32:18,021
I'm fond of cocks.
464
00:32:20,065 --> 00:32:23,762
In America I was struck
by two things in nature.
465
00:32:25,837 --> 00:32:26,997
Their pines are strange.
466
00:32:27,806 --> 00:32:30,240
They are not so slender,
not so far-reaching
467
00:32:30,842 --> 00:32:35,677
Here we have bare columns
for 4/5ths of the height,
468
00:32:35,880 --> 00:32:36,847
then the crown.
469
00:32:37,182 --> 00:32:41,380
In America it's quite different:
They have branches lower down.
470
00:32:42,253 --> 00:32:43,914
It's a pine,
but not our kind.
471
00:32:44,756 --> 00:32:45,688
And then,
472
00:32:46,324 --> 00:32:49,885
there are almost
no song-birds in America.
473
00:32:50,361 --> 00:32:51,419
It's incredible.
474
00:32:51,996 --> 00:32:55,762
Here in spring
whole forests sing.
475
00:32:56,835 --> 00:32:59,861
Everything sings.
In America it is silent.
476
00:33:01,206 --> 00:33:03,697
Only two or three birds
sing.
477
00:33:04,042 --> 00:33:05,737
Fine birds,
but none sing.
478
00:33:06,811 --> 00:33:10,212
There's a wonderful blue bird,
a sky-blue bird there.
479
00:33:11,015 --> 00:33:12,812
Lovely,
but it doesn't sing.
480
00:33:13,284 --> 00:33:16,412
There's a pigeon like that -
a melancholy pigeon.
481
00:33:16,855 --> 00:33:17,822
"Tragic pigeon".
482
00:33:18,223 --> 00:33:20,282
Actually, it's not a pigeon.
483
00:33:22,761 --> 00:33:24,695
- Why sad?
484
00:33:26,765 --> 00:33:28,289
Too few birds sing there.
485
00:33:29,400 --> 00:33:33,860
My feelings towards nature were
somehow different in America.
486
00:33:35,173 --> 00:33:40,372
I no longer had the lively
affinity I used to have.
487
00:33:41,746 --> 00:33:43,873
Not a single miniature
was written there.
488
00:33:44,415 --> 00:33:48,078
Not a single one,
during all my 20 years abroad.
489
00:33:48,319 --> 00:33:52,847
I did write them before I was
banished, now I write them again.
490
00:33:53,358 --> 00:33:54,052
Not there.
491
00:33:55,059 --> 00:33:56,083
It's most strange.
492
00:33:56,795 --> 00:34:01,255
The same beautiful sky, the same
clouds, the same light. Why?
493
00:34:22,720 --> 00:34:23,687
Among...
494
00:34:26,090 --> 00:34:29,753
...other features
of longevity, of old age -
495
00:34:32,063 --> 00:34:33,155
it is...
496
00:34:35,967 --> 00:34:39,801
it is a state that depends on...
497
00:34:40,338 --> 00:34:42,397
how you understand
and expect death.
498
00:34:43,942 --> 00:34:45,807
That fear of death
is so typical
499
00:34:46,244 --> 00:34:47,802
not only in the West, -
500
00:34:48,279 --> 00:34:53,148
all prosperous people feel it.
501
00:34:54,118 --> 00:34:56,018
Fear of death obscures
the mind
502
00:34:58,256 --> 00:35:02,158
unless you attain a state,
when you lose all fear
503
00:35:02,727 --> 00:35:04,888
and deliver yourself
unto God's will.
504
00:35:05,964 --> 00:35:08,728
Death is a natural transition
505
00:35:10,401 --> 00:35:11,868
from one state
to another.
506
00:35:12,136 --> 00:35:15,128
- To another life?
- Yes, to another life.
507
00:35:15,440 --> 00:35:19,308
Russian peasants always
understood that and died in peace.
508
00:35:20,745 --> 00:35:21,006
Then...
509
00:35:22,313 --> 00:35:23,803
there's a harmony.
510
00:35:24,883 --> 00:35:28,785
You live those last years
in harmony,
511
00:35:30,355 --> 00:35:32,050
with trust in God,
512
00:35:32,724 --> 00:35:37,821
and in the sort of death
or disease He will send us.
513
00:35:38,062 --> 00:35:39,962
- Should man ask God for it?
514
00:35:40,932 --> 00:35:45,869
- You don't ask for anything,
just live in union with nature.
515
00:35:46,170 --> 00:35:48,968
Why are early deaths
so tragic?
516
00:35:49,741 --> 00:35:53,404
Because when life is interrupted
artificially,
517
00:36:00,051 --> 00:36:02,383
to understand himself,
his life,
518
00:36:02,887 --> 00:36:06,084
to understand anything.
It just cuts him off.
519
00:36:07,859 --> 00:36:11,727
There's also another matter.
520
00:36:12,730 --> 00:36:15,893
Too many people of my age
are already gone.
521
00:36:17,835 --> 00:36:22,704
It creates a feeling
of a semi-desert.
522
00:36:24,375 --> 00:36:26,434
Still other people,
other ages,
523
00:36:27,879 --> 00:36:31,747
you recall them one by one,
and where are they all?
524
00:36:32,183 --> 00:36:35,311
They are no more,
and you miss them.
525
00:36:45,797 --> 00:36:49,733
You see, all religions are
against cruelty, all of them,
526
00:36:50,802 --> 00:36:51,894
but cruelty remains.
527
00:36:55,807 --> 00:36:57,297
That's what they're for:
528
00:36:58,142 --> 00:37:03,136
So that men can have
a shield, a brake.
529
00:37:04,716 --> 00:37:07,412
Repentance was so common
in Russia.
530
00:37:08,086 --> 00:37:10,919
Now it doesn't exist
any more.
531
00:37:11,856 --> 00:37:14,188
Now you'll never make
anybody repent.
532
00:37:15,126 --> 00:37:16,718
I appealed for it
533
00:37:16,794 --> 00:37:18,421
in my article.
534
00:37:18,997 --> 00:37:20,862
Everybody just laughed.
535
00:37:21,366 --> 00:37:23,334
Whatever should repentance
be for?
536
00:37:29,374 --> 00:37:31,740
When in some of my works
537
00:37:32,276 --> 00:37:34,301
I give way to
my own repentance,
538
00:37:35,413 --> 00:37:40,077
the only result is: "Look, look,
he himself is like this."
539
00:37:41,386 --> 00:37:42,717
No one thinks:
540
00:37:43,154 --> 00:37:45,850
"Let me do it myself.
I will try."
541
00:37:46,324 --> 00:37:47,450
Nobody cares.
542
00:37:48,760 --> 00:37:51,285
Today's crooks aren't
expected to repent.
543
00:37:53,965 --> 00:37:57,731
If it were only cruelty...
How about greed?
544
00:37:58,770 --> 00:38:01,762
Is greed a lesser trouble
than cruelty?
545
00:38:02,407 --> 00:38:06,207
Greed destroys the human race.
Greed destroys everybody.
546
00:38:07,745 --> 00:38:11,772
Man can't stop and say:
"That will do.
547
00:38:12,483 --> 00:38:13,745
"I've got enough.
548
00:38:14,852 --> 00:38:16,786
I'm perfectly satisfied."
549
00:38:17,455 --> 00:38:19,320
No, he wants more and more.
550
00:38:20,725 --> 00:38:23,455
Greed is terrible. Terrible.
551
00:38:26,497 --> 00:38:28,931
- How odd. Everyone knows
it's no good,
552
00:38:30,334 --> 00:38:33,360
and yet...
- It isn't 'everyone knows'.
553
00:38:33,738 --> 00:38:36,901
- They know greed
is an evil.
554
00:38:37,075 --> 00:38:41,842
- Well, it is generally considered
as morally condemnable.
555
00:38:58,729 --> 00:39:01,220
We'll take another path,
556
00:39:01,899 --> 00:39:03,161
also narrow enough.
557
00:39:03,801 --> 00:39:05,860
We won't go along the road.
- No.
558
00:39:06,037 --> 00:39:07,868
- We'll turn to the left.
559
00:39:08,506 --> 00:39:12,806
Let's go.
Yes, little by little.
560
00:39:21,719 --> 00:39:24,711
- It must be beautiful in winter.
- Yes, it is.
561
00:39:25,756 --> 00:39:27,815
- Do you get frosts?
- Of course.
562
00:39:29,794 --> 00:39:33,696
Of course. Sometimes - 25 �C.
- It must be quiet...
563
00:39:34,332 --> 00:39:38,098
in the snowy evening,
quiet and peaceful. - Yes.
564
00:39:40,905 --> 00:39:42,807
In Vermont there's
still more snow,
565
00:39:42,807 --> 00:39:44,775
though it is further south.
566
00:39:45,943 --> 00:39:48,878
A savage continent.
When it suddenly begins to snow
567
00:39:49,280 --> 00:39:51,077
it comes down
in huge amounts.
568
00:39:52,283 --> 00:39:53,807
More snow there
than here.
569
00:39:54,418 --> 00:39:58,855
In Moscow, after all,
there are thaws.
570
00:40:00,458 --> 00:40:02,949
- Why does winter
bring a feeling of peace?
571
00:40:04,495 --> 00:40:06,292
- That's only
when you are warm,
572
00:40:07,765 --> 00:40:12,862
not when you have to break
frozen ground with a pick-axe.
573
00:40:15,740 --> 00:40:16,707
- Once it was...
574
00:40:17,808 --> 00:40:22,677
The lowest temperature at which
I have ever worked was -35 �C.
575
00:40:23,781 --> 00:40:26,750
It fell to our lot.
576
00:40:27,051 --> 00:40:32,011
Sometimes they cancelled work at
- 35�C and sometimes at - 40�C.
577
00:40:32,323 --> 00:40:36,350
That day there were
fluctuations of one degree.
578
00:40:37,061 --> 00:40:37,823
We went.
579
00:40:38,196 --> 00:40:39,720
- 35�C, what a horror.
580
00:40:40,164 --> 00:40:43,395
I carried a barrow
with a mate.
581
00:40:43,901 --> 00:40:44,731
- Didn't you curse life?
582
00:40:45,169 --> 00:40:47,797
- No. It was just one such day
583
00:40:48,406 --> 00:40:52,172
when I got the idea for my
"Ivan Denisovich".
584
00:40:52,944 --> 00:40:55,344
Just write about only this,
I thought.
585
00:40:56,814 --> 00:40:59,840
Just one day, when nothing
terrible happened.
586
00:41:00,084 --> 00:41:03,781
Nothing sensational.
Quite a normal day.
587
00:41:06,757 --> 00:41:09,248
That's what I imagined.
- In such a frost?
588
00:41:10,161 --> 00:41:12,391
- 35�C.
589
00:41:12,496 --> 00:41:16,296
It was only once when I worked
at such a temperature.
590
00:41:19,237 --> 00:41:22,695
I was also doing
some stonework,
591
00:41:24,275 --> 00:41:28,006
and I became
rather a good mason.
592
00:41:29,380 --> 00:41:31,371
I would be glad
to go to Ekibastuz,
593
00:41:32,016 --> 00:41:36,783
to see my "lanterns",
as they call them.
594
00:41:37,255 --> 00:41:39,780
Such triangles hang
over workshops there,
595
00:41:40,258 --> 00:41:42,453
and here all is glazed in.
596
00:41:43,127 --> 00:41:44,424
Stepped stonework,
597
00:41:45,162 --> 00:41:48,689
upwards, like that,
and from the other side.
598
00:41:49,367 --> 00:41:53,098
I know where my lanterns are,
I wish I could see how they are.
599
00:41:54,038 --> 00:41:56,199
- Do people know they are yours?
- No.
600
00:41:56,407 --> 00:42:00,844
They wanted to rename
the main lane there
601
00:42:01,045 --> 00:42:02,808
"Solzhenitsyn Avenue."
602
00:42:03,281 --> 00:42:05,749
But it created such a row!
603
00:42:05,916 --> 00:42:06,348
- Why?
604
00:42:06,884 --> 00:42:10,217
- My God! Before I was hated
by the communists, then...
605
00:42:10,755 --> 00:42:11,722
by the Kazakhs,
606
00:42:11,922 --> 00:42:14,720
because I said Kazakhstan
ought to unite with us,
607
00:42:15,159 --> 00:42:16,854
as some regions
were entirely Russian.
608
00:42:17,161 --> 00:42:20,221
They didn't forgive me for that.
Condemned me to death.
609
00:42:20,498 --> 00:42:22,056
- The Kazakhs?
610
00:42:22,266 --> 00:42:24,393
- A Kazakh nationalist organisation.
611
00:42:25,136 --> 00:42:26,694
They can't forgive me.
612
00:42:27,004 --> 00:42:28,699
It's a pity.
613
00:42:28,906 --> 00:42:31,807
I had even a whole Kazakh class,
614
00:42:32,009 --> 00:42:34,204
I was a form master.
All the pupils
615
00:42:34,979 --> 00:42:36,207
were little Kazakhs,
616
00:42:36,981 --> 00:42:39,176
and we got along
very well together.
617
00:42:39,817 --> 00:42:41,785
They were unpretentious boys.
618
00:42:42,286 --> 00:42:46,382
Really, nationalism
fools everybody.
619
00:42:56,334 --> 00:42:57,358
- Beautiful pines.
620
00:42:59,337 --> 00:43:01,771
- Sorry?
- Such beautiful pines.
621
00:43:07,445 --> 00:43:10,073
- You'll see the best ones
from my study.
622
00:43:18,055 --> 00:43:21,024
- A tree is the most perfect thing
in the world.
623
00:43:21,859 --> 00:43:24,726
More perfect than man...
624
00:43:25,196 --> 00:43:28,688
- Yes. - We simply don't know it.
- No, we don't.
625
00:43:34,038 --> 00:43:35,062
- What is this?
626
00:43:35,806 --> 00:43:40,038
What does it tell us?
What does it mean?
627
00:43:47,818 --> 00:43:49,843
This long trunk,
628
00:43:50,855 --> 00:43:54,689
its roots, its crown,
its swinging?
629
00:43:57,395 --> 00:44:00,455
What does it mean to die
standing and not fall?
630
00:44:07,338 --> 00:44:09,829
- Yes, you are right.
It is perfection.
631
00:44:11,409 --> 00:44:12,501
Yes, it is.
632
00:45:49,440 --> 00:45:58,212
THE KNOT